Telfor Journal Vol.5 No.1 (2013)

Content

Editorial HyperLink
Editor-in-Chief: Prof. Dr Đorđe Paunović

On a Malware Targeting Private Telephony Networks during Cyber Conflict

I. I. Androulidakis, V. Vlachos, and Y. Kamphuis
Topic:
Telecommunications Networks
Abstract
Telecommunication networks have long ago entered the Critical Infrastructure domain. Apart from the public telephony network, there is a parallel private telephony network, consisting of Private Branch Exchanges (PBXs) that serve the communication needs of private or public entities. Their penetration in the market is substantial. As a result, thousands of PBX installations are present in every country serving many times more users in vital infrastructures (including health, safety, security, economy, energy). Therefore, attacking PBXs can have critical effects that disrupt society and can clearly be used in warlike situations. PBXs are an integral part of the critical infrastructure, along with the public telephony network. The contribution of this work focuses on the theoretical and practical capabilities of a malware able to target PBXs. Such an occurrence would have devastating effects on the communication confidentiality, integrity and availability.
Keywords
critical infrastructure; cyber conflict; malware; private telephony networks; PBX; virus.
Full Text
HyperLink On a Malware Targeting Private Telephony Networks during Cyber Conflict
Page(s)
2-7

IP Lookup as a Critical Functionality of Packet Processors

Z. G. Čiča
Topic:
Telecommunications Networks
Abstract
Packet processing represents the most significant part of a router’s data plane and has a large impact on router’s scalability. Packet processing consists of many functions and some of them can become critical for the future router’s scalability. In this paper, the IP lookup as one of the most critical packet processing functions is analyzed to determine its impact on the Internet router’s scalability. Also, in this paper we propose a new modification of our previously proposed IP lookup algorithm BPFL.
Keywords
FPGA, Internet router, IP lookup, packet processing.
Full Text
HyperLink IP Lookup as a Critical Functionality of Packet Processors
Page(s)
8-13

Novel Adaptive QoS Framework for Integrated UMTS/WLAN Environment

T. Shuminoski and T. Janevski
Topic:
Telecommunications Networks
Abstract
Since Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning for multimedia traffic in integrated Wireless and Mobile Networks is becoming an increasingly important objective, in this paper we introduce a novel concept of an adaptive QoS cross-layer framework. The Adaptive QoS framework is proven via novel simulation results in integrated environment with UMTS and IEEE 802.11 networks. The aim of our novel framework is presenting a new module that shall provide the best QoS and lower cost for a given service using one or more wireless technologies in a given time. The analysis of simulation results has shown superior performances with a high level of QoS provisioning in a variety of network conditions. The performance of Adaptive QoS algorithm is evaluated using ns-miracle augmented with our dual-mode Mobile Equipments (MEs) and using statistical analysis.
Keywords
Quality of Service (QoS), Mobile Networks, Multimedia, Wireless Networks.
Full Text
HyperLink Novel Adaptive QoS Framework for Integrated UMTS/WLAN Environment
Page(s)
14-19

Ultra-Wideband Channel Sounder – Design, Construction and Selected Applications

R. Zetik and R. S. Thomä
Topic:
Radio Communications
Abstract
The paper describes construction, design, and application of a real-time ultra-wideband channel sounder. Its specific architecture allows measurements of time-variant radio propagation channels in different frequency bands. The sounder’s stimulation signal is the maximum length binary sequence. Synchronous multi-channel operation is supported by its excellent timing stability and by its low power consumption of miniature sized low temperature co-fired ceramics modules that comprise custom integrated SiGe circuits. This is a prerequisite to build a multiple-input-multiple-output sounder which is suitable for sounding even in distributed scenarios such as sensor networks. Selected application examples demonstrated the performance and possibilities of the sounder.
Keywords
channel sounder, UWB systems, localization, imaging.
Full Text
HyperLink Ultra-Wideband Channel Sounder – Design, Construction and Selected Applications
Page(s)
20-25

Evaluation of a Cross Layer Scheduling Algorithm for LTE Downlink

A. Popovska Avramova, Y. Yan, and L. Dittmann
Topic:
Radio Communications
Abstract
The LTE standard is a leading standard in the wireless broadband market. The Radio Resource Management at the base station plays a major role in satisfying users demand for high data rates and quality of service. This paper evaluates a cross layer scheduling algorithm that aims at minimizing the resource utilization. The algorithm makes decisions based on channel conditions, the size of transmission buffers and different quality of service demands. Simulation results show that the new algorithm improves the resource utilization and provides better guarantees for service quality.
Keywords
buffer-aware, LTE, QoS, subcarrier allocation.
Full Text
HyperLink Evaluation of a Cross Layer Scheduling Algorithm for LTE Downlink
Page(s)
26-31

Proposal for Implementation of Novel Routing Protocols for IP Radio Networks above 70 GHz in MPLS

D. B. Perić and B. M. Todorović
Topic:
Radio Communications
Abstract
In this paper, a proposal for implementation of novel routing protocols for IP radio networks at frequencies above 70 GHz is described. The protocols are designed to improve a network performance in the presence of the rain that has an intensity that causes a link down state and/or capacity reduction of some links in the network, but a network graph remains connected. New protocols, named OSPF-BPI and OSPF-BNI, are modifications of standard OSPF routing protocol which imply traffic sharing between the main shortest path route and specially defined backup routes. It is shown that the majority of novel routing protocols' features can be achieved just with a proper configuration of routers with standardized multi protocol label switching (MPLS) traffic engineering (TE) capabilities. For both types of backup routes attention is paid to avoid an additional unavailability due to equipment failure. The same MTTR time is kept for the same IP network when no protection mechanism are applied.
Keywords
Backup routes, Millimeter wave network, Rain attenuation, Traffic protection.
Full Text
HyperLink Proposal for Implementation of Novel Routing Protocols for IP Radio Networks above 70 GHz in MPLS
Page(s)
32-37

Accurate BEP of OSTBC-MIMO Systems with DF Incremental Relay Selection

E. Ben Yahia and N. Hamdi
Topic:
Radio Communications
Abstract
This paper addresses the analysis of Bit Error Probability (BEP) in Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems based on Orthogonal Space Time Block Coding (OSTBC) and Incremental Decode and Forward (IDF) protocol with relay selection. According to IDF, the direct link is used by the destination, if it can successfully decode the source codeword; otherwise, it requests the assistance of the best relay among those that have correctly decoded the received codeword. In the relaying phase, the best relay decodes the source codeword and forwards the received symbols to the destination. The proposed numerical results show that the BEP of OSTBC-MIMO systems with relay-selection IDF is enhanced compared to the case without relay selection. These results are obtained assuming that the channel fading envelopes of different links are independent Rayleigh distributions.
Keywords
cooperative system, decode and forward, incremental relaying, MIMO, OSTBC, relay selection.
Full Text
HyperLink Accurate BEP of OSTBC-MIMO Systems with DF Incremental Relay Selection
Page(s)
38-42

Cost of Stable Dimensioning in Optical Packet Ring with Uniform and Symmetric Traffic

B. Ušćumlić, V. Gredić, A. Gravey, P. Gravey, M. Morvan, and P. Matavulj
Topic:
Optical Communications
Abstract
Optical packet switching allows very efficient bandwidth use in the metropolitan ring networks, in comparison to optical circuit switching. However, when dimensioning an optical packet switching network, the stability of the network needs to be planned carefully, as these networks encounter the same stability issues as the electronic packet networks (e.g. Ethernet or Resilient Packet Ring). In this paper, we show which stability conditions need to be satisfied by inserting nodes, in an optical packet switching network. On an example, we illustrate the impact that the stability has on the network QoS performance and incite the introduction of the stability constraints in network design. Next, we explain a network design method and the corresponding CAPEX cost assumptions. Finally, we study the stability in a small metropolitan ring with a uniform and symmetric traffic matrix, in order to evaluate the impact of stability on the network cost and capacity. Numerical results show that the stability constraints induce the average increase in network CAPEX cost of around 9%.
Keywords
linear programming, metropolitan networks, optical packet switching, stability.
Full Text
HyperLink Cost of Stable Dimensioning in Optical Packet Ring with Uniform and Symmetric Traffic
Page(s)
43-47

Improving Multi Access Interference Suppression in Optical CDMA by using all-Optical Signal Processing

T. B. Osadola, S. K. Idris, and I. Glesk
Topic:
Optical Communications
Abstract
This paper presents the study of a novel all-optical method for processing optical CDMA signals towards improving suppression of multi access interference. The main focus is on incoherent OCDMA systems using multiwavelength 2D-WH/TS codes generated using FBG based encoders and decoders. The MAI suppression capabilities based on its ability to eliminate selective wavelength pulse processing have been shown. A novel transmitter architecture that achieves up to 3dB power saving was also presented. As a result of hardware savings, processing cost will be significantly reduced and power budget improvement resulted in improved performance.
Keywords
Fiber Bragg Grating, Optical CDMA, all-Optical Signal Processing.
Full Text
HyperLink Improving Multi Access Interference Suppression in Optical CDMA by using all-Optical Signal Processing
Page(s)
48-53

Modern Air Situation Picture Display for Air Surveillance Radar Applications

M. Stamatović, M. Jevtić, U. Kisić, M. Tatarević, T. Pajić, and K. Marković
Topic:
Software Tools and Applications
Abstract
We have developed a modern air situation picture display applicable in air surveillance radars. The display is based on commercial of-the-shelf hardware and custom software. This paper is focused on the details of the development process. Comparison with a similar commercially available product is given too.
Keywords
Air Surveillance, Plan Position Indicator, Radar, Scan Conversion.
Full Text
HyperLink Modern Air Situation Picture Display for Air Surveillance Radar Applications
Page(s)
54-59

An Approach of Integrating Communication Services in Applications for Android-Based Digital TV Receivers

S. Jovanovic, M. Punt, M. Z. Bjelica, V. Zdravkovic, and M. Kukolj
Topic:
Software Tools and Applications
Abstract
Digital TV receivers are becoming increasingly powerful devices allowing consumers to not only watch television broadcasts but also to access the Internet or communicate to other devices in the same local area network through either an Ethernet connection or by using a wireless connection. As the living room represents a meeting place for family and friends to gather and socialize in, the possibility of playing informal games using the television set as the interaction device is very attractive. This paper presents a developed application that integrates new communication capabilities of digital TV receivers running the Android OS. The application is a game showing its content overlaid on top of a television program whereas Android mobile devices are used as controllers. The performance of the application is tested by measuring the response times of the various communication services and by analyzing feedback from a selected group of users.
Keywords
Android OS, digital TV receiver, mobile devices, TV-centric applications, games.
Full Text
HyperLink An Approach of Integrating Communication Services in Applications for Android-Based Digital TV Receivers
Page(s)
60-64

Distributed Air Traffic Control Simulator

R. Radovanović, Z. Radivojević, and M. Cvetanović
Topic:
Software Tools and Applications
Abstract
During initial training air traffic control students acquire theoretical knowledge in various fields including air traffic management, aircraft performance, air traffic control equipment and systems, navigation and others. This paper proposes a simulator and explains its use and features that allows students to gain a practical insight into their coursework in order to complement their training. The goal of the simulator is to realistically implement all the key functionalities needed to cover the topics that were presented in class. The simulator offers a user friendly, distributed, and multi-role environment that can be deployed on regular PCs. Moreover, this paper discusses and resolves some of the main conceptual and implementational issues that were faced during simulator development.
Keywords
Air traffic control, air traffic controller training, distributed application, simulator.
Full Text
HyperLink Distributed Air Traffic Control Simulator
Page(s)
65-70

Teleprotection Terminal Interface for Analogue Communications over High Voltage Power Lines Implemented on FPGA

V. V. Čelebić, M. M. Kabović, M. I. Radulović, and A. V. Kabović
Topic:
Telecommunications Services
Abstract
The purpose of a telecommunication system in conjunction with protection systems is to transfer a protection signal in due time from the protection equipment to a similar equipment at the remote station. This paper describes an implementation of the interface in the teleprotection terminal dedicated to operate over Power Line Carrier (PLC) links. Properties of the teleprotection terminal are briefly described, and in the sequel, the implementation of the line unit using FPGA technology is described in detail. The presented simulation model can be used to optimize the interface for suppressing noise effects that may appear in a communication channel realized over high voltage power line and PLC equipment.
Keywords
FPGA, teleprotection, Power Line Carrier, Electric Power System.
Full Text
HyperLink Teleprotection Terminal Interface for Analogue Communications over High Voltage Power Lines Implemented on FPGA
Page(s)
71-76

Nikola Tesla’s Patent Applications for Which Patents Were Not Granted

S. Šarboh
Topic:
Telecommunications History
Abstract
In this paper are presented the results of an investigation directed to discovering and identifying Nikola Tesla’s patent applications filed with the United States Patent Office, but for which appropriate patents were not granted to him. The investigation showed that Tesla had at least 33 American patent applications for which patents were not granted, that shed a new light on his inventive activities in the United States of America. The subject matter of these patent applications are different Tesla’s inventions in the fields of electrical engineering, mechanical engineering and processing technology, more precisely metallurgy.
Keywords
Nikola Tesla, metallurgy, patents, applications.
Full Text
HyperLink Nikola Tesla’s Patent Applications for Which Patents Were Not Granted
Page(s)
77-81

An Indoor Positioning Realisation for GSM using Fingerprinting and kNN

A. Anastasijević
Topic:
Radio Communications (Student Paper)
Abstract
Positioning in public land mobile networks has become increasingly popular over the past years with the development of more sophisticated mobile equipment and standards. New services which rely on location information have been developed, such as emergency call localization, navigation, location sensitive commercials/ billing, etc. This paper investigates one practical realisation of an indoor positioning model for GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) networks, based on the received signal strength (RSS) and fingerprinting method. The achieved results are well within international localization accuracy requirements for emergency services, confirming great potential of the approach.
Keywords
cellular networks, Euclidean distance, fingerprint, location based services, Nearest Neighbour, positioning, received signal strength, reference points.
Full Text
HyperLink An Indoor Positioning Realisation for GSM using Fingerprinting and kNN
Page(s)
82-86